Journal of Nature, Science & Technology (JANSET)

Tugba Ozkoca Aslı ÜLKE KESKİN

The environment and atmosphere are largely polluted due to increased urbanization, especially greenhouse gases from industrial and residential areas, and the trend of warming air on a global scale is increasing. In the event that global climate change persists for many years, it is expected that there may be significant increases in the severity, frequency and activity of hydrological natural disasters such as floods caused by these events, as well as extreme weather events. In recent years, Turkey has seen an increase in summer temperatures caused by climate change, a decrease in winter precipitation, and sudden and heavy rains and flood. Especially in the Western Mediterranean basin, heavy rainfall and flood events have started to be seen frequently due to climatic changes. In this study, current flood flow rates in Antalya Kemer Agva Stream and flood flow rates of 2050, 2075 and 2100 projections of HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR and CNRM CM 5.1 climate models outputs were determined according to RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. With this study, it has been revealed that the flood flows in the Kemer Agva basin will increase in the period until 2050 compared to the current situation, and will decrease in the periods of 2075 and 2100.

https://doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6576

Manel Masmoudi Fatma Abbès Souhail Besbes Christophe Blecker Hamadi Attia

Dietary fibers constitute an important element of a healthy diet. This study is a contribution to valorize Tunisian lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-products (LB) by preparation of a lemon fiber concentrate (LFC). The suitability of this by-product as a source of dietary fiber for food enrichment was investigated. Lemon fiber concentrate was prepared by LB washing in water at 90 °C for 5 min and then characterized by studying its physico-chemical, functional and antioxidant properties, in comparison with the original LB. The extraction method led to a total dietary fiber yield of 54.42 g/100g. LFC had higher content in total fibers than LB (71.20 versus 63.87 g/100g dry matter (DM), respectively), with predominance of the insoluble fraction (53.58 g/100g DM). LFC had also better functional properties, with higher water holding capacity (13.92 versus 8.51 g/g, respectively), swelling capacity (14 versus 8.75 ml/g, respectively) and oil retention property (6.6 versus 4.43 g/g, respectively). LFC had high content in bioactive compounds, particularly for phenolics (561.09 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (408.42 mg QE/ 100 g DM), which gave it good antioxidant properties (antiradical activity: 45.57 % and reducing power: 0.18). The results of this study suggested that LFC may have potential applications for food enrichment.

https://doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6536

Ifechidere Sophia Obani Mgbowaji Zacchaeus Babatunde Bernard Bolaji

The Drilling of crude oil to bring it up to the subsurface of the earth cannot be accomplished without the use of drilling fluids. Used oil-based drilling fluid was introduced to Clarias gariepinus and Allium cepa in the determination of its toxic and genotoxic characteristics. This study made use of spent oil- based drilling fluid/ mud which was gotten from oando gas plant, in sterilized plastic containers. Test subjects were acclimatized and stored respectively which lasted for 14days.After both acclimatization and storage of test subjects, test solutions were prepared in different concentrations after a range finding test was conducted. At the end of 96h, LC50 of 71.589 %, 96.052 %, 96.052 % and 59.508 % were obtained at 24hr, 48hr, 72hr and 96hr respectively. It was observed that the higher the concentration the higher the mortality as well as the EC50 which showed relationships between root tip-growth inhibitions and increase in toxicant concentration. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents such as Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenathrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Benzo (K), Pyrene, Benz (a) anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo (b) fluoranthene, Benzo (k) fluoranthene, Benzo (a) pyrene, Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, Dibenz (a,h), anthracene and Benzo (g,h,i) perylene of oil based drilling mud was analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. These parameters may be responsible for the toxic effects on fish and onion root tips. Hence, the disposal of drill fluids after crude oil recovery should be well monitored so as to ensure the fulfilment of the necessary regulatory standards set up by regulatory bodies.

https://doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6548

Thomas Harry Iniobong Uwemedimoh Monday Udofia Asuquo Itam

The present study Biostratigraphic (foraminiferal and palynological), paleoenvironment and paleoecological evaluations are aimed at interpreting the lithology, age, paleoenvironmental as well as the paleoecological condition of the deposited sediments newly exposed along Ikot Okpara Otopy, Southeastern Nigeria. Lithological descriptions of the samples reveal that this section is predominantly shale. This shale is dark grey to light brown, fossiliferous with minor occurrence of silts and sandstones. Foraminiferal analysis reveals a Paleocene interval within the Nkporo Formation for the first time. The sediments have low to moderate number of taxa with 96% benthic and 4% planktics, while a total of 196 microflora were recovered and identified. The microfloral species contain 60% of continental plants with 40% of marine counterparts. Key foraminiferal taxa used in this study include Bolivina afra, Bolivina explicata, Globigerina fringe and Haplophragmoides talokaense, while their microfloral counterparts encountered within the section include Cingulatisporites ornatus, Auriculidites reticulates Ephedripites ambonoides, Retidiporites magdalenensis, Synolocolporites marginatus, Constructipollenites ineffectus, Foveotriletes margaritae, Buttinia andreevi, Proxapertites operculatus, Zlivisporis blanensis and Paleocystodinium sp. These assemblages (Foraminiferal and Palynological) depict the deposition of these sediments during the Maastrichtian Paleocene age. The combination of lithologic and biostratigraphic data reveal paleoenvironment interpretation of the study section to range from marginal - shallow to Middle neritic paleo-water depths, while the paleoecological studies depicts a fluctuation in the salinity from brackish to marine settings deposited within a tropical to subtropical warm and humid climate.

https://doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6572

Yuriy Nikolaevich Zayko

The paper presents the main results on hypercomputing based on the use of relativistic effects. Two approaches to the problem are compared – formal-logical and physical. The basis of the physical approach is the study of the metric of curved space-time manifolds on which hypercomputing are realized, obtained either by applying the equivalence principle or by solving Einstein's equations. The properties of Malament-Hogarth spaces arising in these manifolds are discussed. The advantages of the physical approach are shown, which make it possible to verify the possibility of hypercomputing by the example of the problem of calculating the sum of the divergent Dirichlet series for the Riemann zeta function, which requires overcoming the so-called Turing barrier. It is stressed the possibility of using numerical algebras that differ from the field of real numbers, which promises significant progress in the development of modern physical theories first of all in cosmology. The issues of relativistic theory are considered separately. The relativistic solution of the problem of motion with constant acceleration by finding the gravitational potential field of an infinite homogeneous plane is discussed. The solution of this problem by applying the equivalence principle is also discussed. The results are compared with the well-known solutions of V. Fok and R. Tolman.

https://doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6633