Journal of Civil Engineering Beyond Limits (CEBEL)

Saad Issa Sarsam

The utilization of the self-healing behavior of cracked asphalt concrete pavement is a sustainable approach for extending the fatigue life and reserving its mechanical properties. In the present investigation, cylindrical specimens of asphalt concrete mixture were prepared with the optimum binder requirement. The specimens were subjected to dynamic compressive stresses at a constant stress level of 138 kPa. The dynamic testing was conducted using 0.1 seconds of loading and 0.9 seconds of rest period at 20°C environment with the aid of pneumatic repeated load system PRLS. The load application was terminated after 900 load repetitions. The specimens were stored in an oven for 60 minutes at 120°C to allow the generated microcracks in the mixture to heal, then the specimens were subjected to another round of dynamic stresses. The compressive strain in terms of (total, permanent, and resilient) were monitored by LVDT which was positioned on the specimens. The influence of the healing process on the deformation was modelled. It was concluded that the microcracks healing process exhibits significant influence on the compressive strain of asphalt concrete under the applied dynamic compressive stresses. After 900 load repetitions, the compressive strain declined by (30, 28.5 and 66.7) % for (total, permanent, and resilient) compressive strain respectively after practicing microcrack healing process. Mathematical models of the compressive strain parameters before and after the healing process exhibited high coefficients of determination and may be adopted in the design of sustainable asphalt concrete mixture.

https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2024.1943

Oluwasijibomi Adediji Uwemedimo Nyong Wilson Tita Gerald Torbem Mando Samson Olalekan Odeyemi Joseph Oluwatoyin Peters

Developing aggregate-cement design curves tailored to different concrete grades using locally sourced materials is critical for the growth of Nigeria's construction industry. Such curves provide a systematic approach for optimizing project-specific concrete mixes, enhancing cost-effectiveness, and ensuring structural reliability. This study focuses on creating these design curves by examining the engineering properties and characteristics of raw materials commonly available in Nigeria. Trial mixes were conducted with varying aggregate-cement ratios, and compressive strength tests were performed to identify the most suitable combinations. Using river sand, single-sized aggregates (10–20 mm), and limestone Portland cement, aggregate-cement curves were developed for concrete grades ranging from 20 MPa to 35 MPa. The COREN/2017/016/RC concrete mix design method was adopted to guide the research process. The study found that a mix of 35% fine aggregate, 65% coarse aggregate, and a water-cement ratio of 0.5 achieved optimal results, providing desired compressive strengths and slump values between 40 mm and 50 mm. These findings establish a framework for producing durable and efficient concrete mixes using locally available materials. This approach supports the need for sustainable construction practices in Nigeria, offering practical solutions for meeting diverse construction demands while ensuring material availability and affordability.

https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2024.1947

Miraç Pehlivanoğlu Yusuf Demirel

Historical structures occupy an important place among the cultural heritages of nations. The historical and cultural immovable properties destroyed in natural disasters such as earthquakes are values lost from our national heritage. Preserving these values and transmitting them to the future is of paramount importance. In this study, the pre- and post-earthquake conditions of the Hüseyin Pasha Mosque minaret located in Gaziantep—which suffered a 9‑m collapse following the destructive earthquakes that occurred in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023—were examined. An internal steel reinforcement method was proposed to restore the minaret to a usable condition, and the analytical results of this method were presented. The proposed method was evaluated from a static perspective and is intended to serve as the basis for restoration work aimed at reviving the structure’s pre-collapse state. The pre-earthquake condition of the minaret was analyzed, and it was found that the collapse occurred because the adjacent mosque inhibited the displacements in the minaret at the level of the pulpit during the earthquake, which caused increased displacements in the upper part of the minaret and resulted in the collapse. The proposed steel reinforcement method increased the minaret’s resistance against future earthquakes and ensured that, within the original-like cladding planned for the restoration works of the collapsed 9‑m upper section, a load-bearing system is provided.

https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2024.1953

Pelin YURDAKUL Oğuz Akın Düzgün

Turkey, which has a very important and valuable historical structure inventory in terms of history and culture, has hosted many civilizations. One of the best examples of this is wooden carrier system mansions. Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa Mansion, located in Of District of Trabzon, one of the historical wooden mansions, was taken into consideration and the behavior of wooden structures under earthquake loads was examined. First of all, the structure's 2013 survey projects and structural system were examined and three-dimensional modeled. Instead of the materials used in the repairs that were not in accordance with the original in recent periods, the original state of the structure was taken into consideration and completed as in the restoration project. The carrier system created was analyzed in three dimensions in SAP2000 program. Using the macro modeling technique, an earthquake analysis was performed with the time history calculation method by taking into account the modal analysis and acceleration records of the 2011 Van earthquake of Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa Mansion. While the highest displacement was seen in the first floor and attic floor beams in the X direction, the highest displacement was seen in the eye-filled walls and interior wooden walls in the Y direction. The stresses found as a result of the analysis exceeded the determined limit values in some parts of the structure. The damages that may occur in the mansion were examined and suggestions were made for strengthening it without damaging its originality.

https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2024.1955

Mehmet Fatih Yılmaz Mustafa KIRAT

With the effect of the increasing population in Turkey, a rapid construction need has emerged, and accordingly, an increase has been seen in housing construction. Since the 1980s, our country has initiated the construction of reinforced concrete buildings, resulting in a significant building stock. For this reason, the majority of the current building stock consists of structures manufactured according to the principles of the 1975 Disaster Regulation. The February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquake shows that the earthquake performances of these buildings are more fragile than those constructed under the 1998 regulation. The main reasons for this fragility are deficiencies in quality of workmanship, poor manufacturing in concrete quality, and the use of unribbed reinforcement. Within the scope of this study, a building constructed according to the principles of the 1975 Turkish Seismic Code was considered, and a comparison was made between the earthquake performance of the building with different densification and manufacturing details in the columns. As a result, it was determined that in the event of full implementation of the principles of the 1975 regulation, a life-safety damage level was achieved for the determined building according to the principles of the 2018 Earthquake Regulation.

https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2024.1964